Annotate v1.2.4 A fork of Milton's excellent SignReadMore plugin, this allows you to put messages practically anywhere! Feature Summary. Put an annotation on almost any block. View annotations just by right-clicking on them. Annotations now support color! Annotations can be text entered in-game or files that exist in the Annotate folder. Sign in to Annotate's Mobile Interactive Whiteboard and Classroom Engagement System + Beta. Validation code. Enter the code below: Remember me Create account Forgot password? Log in with social. Sign in with Google. Log in with Facebook. Annotate resources. Annotate software is intuitive to use and we have provided this area to help: users, super users, administrators and developers make the most of the software, if you have any suggestions please contact us.
An active reading strategy for articles or textbooks is annotation. Think for a moment about what that word means. It means to add notes (an-NOTE-tate) to text that you are reading, to offer explanation, comments or opinions to the author’s words. Annotation takes practice, and the better you are at it, the better you will be at reading complicated articles.
Where to Make Notes
![Annotate Annotate](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mickeyandeddie-160501202748/95/blood-brothers-mickey-and-eddie-and-childhood-act-1-3-638.jpg?cb=1462134612)
First, determine how you will annotate the text you are about to read.
If it is a printed article, you may be able to just write in the margins. A colored pen might make it easier to see than black or even blue.
If it is an article posted on the web, you could also you Diigo, which is a highlighting and annotating tool that you can use on the website and even share your notes with your instructor. Other note-taking plug-ins for web browsers might serve a similar function.
If it is a textbook that you do not own (or wish to sell back), use post it notes to annotate in the margins.
You can also use a notebook to keep written commentary as you read in any platform, digital or print. If you do this, be sure to leave enough information about the specific text you’re responding to that you can find it later if you need to. (Make notes about page number, which paragraph it is, or even short quotes to help you locate the passage again.)
What Notes to Make
Now you will annotate the document by adding your own words, phrases, and summaries to the written text. For the following examples, the article “Guinea Worm Facts” was used.
- Scan the document you are annotating. Some obvious clues will be apparent before you read it, such as titles or headers for sections. Read the first paragraph. Somewhere in the first (or possibly the second) paragraph should be a BIG IDEA about what the article is going to be about. In the margins, near the top, write down the big idea of the article in your own words. This shouldn’t be more than a phrase or a sentence. This big idea is likely the article’s thesis.
- Underline topic sentences or phrases that express the main idea for that paragraph or section. You should never underline more than 5 words, though for large paragraphs or blocks of text, you can use brackets. (Underlining long stretches gets messy, and makes it hard to review the text later.) Write in the margin next to what you’ve underlined a summary of the paragraph or the idea being expressed.
- Connect related ideas by drawing arrows from one idea to another. Annotate those arrows with a phrase about how they are connected.
- If you encounter an idea, word, or phrase you don’t understand, circle it and put a question mark in the margin that indicates an area of confusion. Write your question in the margin.
- “Depending on the outcome of the assessment, the commission recommends to WHO which formerly endemic countries should be declared free of transmission, i.e., certified as free of the disease.” –> ?? What does this mean? Who is WHO?
- Anytime the author makes a statement that you can connect with on a personal level, annotate in the margins a summary of how this connects to you. Write any comments or observations you feel appropriate to the text. You can also add your personal opinion.
- “Guinea worm disease incapacitates victims for extended periods of time making them unable to work or grow enough food to feed their families or attend school.” –> My dad was sick for a while and couldn’t work. This was hard on our family.
- Place a box around any term or phrase that emphasizes scientific language. These could be words you are not familiar with or will need to review later. Define those words in the margins.
- “Guinea worm disease is set to become the second human disease in history, after smallpox, to be eradicated.” –> Eradicated = to put an end to, destroy
To summarize how you will annotate text:
1. Identify the BIG IDEA
2. Underline topic sentences or main ideas
3. Connect ideas with arrows
4. Ask questions
5. Add personal notes
6. Define technical words
2. Underline topic sentences or main ideas
3. Connect ideas with arrows
4. Ask questions
5. Add personal notes
6. Define technical words
Like many skills, annotating takes practice. Remember that the main goal for doing this is to give you a strategy for reading text that may be more complicated and technical than what you are used to.
Do not proceed unless you already have read Annotating text,text() andannotate()!
Annotating with Text with Box¶
Let’s start with a simple example.
(Source code)
The text() function in the pyplot module (ortext method of the Axes class) takes bbox keyword argument, and whengiven, a box around the text is drawn.
The patch object associated with the text can be accessed by:
The return value is an instance of FancyBboxPatch and the patchproperties like facecolor, edgewidth, etc. can be accessed andmodified as usual. To change the shape of the box, use set_boxstylemethod.
The arguments are the name of the box style with its attributes askeyword arguments. Currently, following box styles are implemented.
Class | Name | Attrs |
---|---|---|
LArrow | larrow | pad=0.3 |
RArrow | rarrow | pad=0.3 |
Round | round | pad=0.3,rounding_size=None |
Round4 | round4 | pad=0.3,rounding_size=None |
Roundtooth | roundtooth | pad=0.3,tooth_size=None |
Sawtooth | sawtooth | pad=0.3,tooth_size=None |
Square | square | pad=0.3 |
(Source code) Sublime merge license key.
Note that the attributes arguments can be specified within the stylename with separating comma (this form can be used as “boxstyle” valueof bbox argument when initializing the text instance)
Annotating with Arrow¶
The annotate() function in the pyplot module(or annotate method of the Axes class) is used to draw an arrowconnecting two points on the plot.
This annotates a point at xy in the given coordinate (xycoords)with the text at xytext given in textcoords. Often, theannotated point is specified in the data coordinate and the annotatingtext in offset points.See annotate() for available coordinate systems.
An arrow connecting two point (xy & xytext) can be optionally drawn byspecifying the arrowprops argument. To draw only an arrow, useempty string as the first argument.
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The arrow drawing takes a few steps.
- a connecting path between two points are created. This iscontrolled by connectionstyle key value.
- If patch object is given (patchA & patchB), the path is clipped toavoid the patch.
- The path is further shrunk by given amount of pixels (shirnkA& shrinkB)
- The path is transmuted to arrow patch, which is controlled by thearrowstyle key value.
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The creation of the connecting path between two points is controlled byconnectionstyle key and following styles are available.
![Annotate 2 1 4 commentary Annotate 2 1 4 commentary](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/7FSnq0R5Y5UXquWE5LY2eJhSfc4=/0x600/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/7249471/Screenshot__10_.0.png)
Name | Attrs |
---|---|
angle | angleA=90,angleB=0,rad=0.0 |
angle3 | angleA=90,angleB=0 |
arc | angleA=0,angleB=0,armA=None,armB=None,rad=0.0 |
arc3 | rad=0.0 |
bar | armA=0.0,armB=0.0,fraction=0.3,angle=None |
Note that “3” in angle3 and arc3 is meant to indicate that theresulting path is a quadratic spline segment (three controlpoints). As will be discussed below, some arrow style option only canbe used when the connecting path is a quadratic spline.
The behavior of each connection style is (limitedly) demonstrated in theexample below. (Warning : The behavior of the bar style is currently notwell defined, it may be changed in the future).
(Source code)
The connecting path (after clipping and shrinking) is then mutated toan arrow patch, according to the given arrowstyle.
Name | Attrs |
---|---|
- | None |
-> | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
-[ | widthB=1.0,lengthB=0.2,angleB=None |
|-| | widthA=1.0,widthB=1.0 |
-|> | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
<- | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
<-> | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
<|- | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
<|-|> | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.2 |
fancy | head_length=0.4,head_width=0.4,tail_width=0.4 |
simple | head_length=0.5,head_width=0.5,tail_width=0.2 |
wedge | tail_width=0.3,shrink_factor=0.5 |
(Source code)
Some arrowstyles only work with connection style that generates aquadratic-spline segment. They are fancy, simple, and wedge.For these arrow styles, you must use “angle3” or “arc3” connectionstyle.
If the annotation string is given, the patchA is set to the bbox patchof the text by default.
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As in the text command, a box around the text can be drawn usingthe bbox argument.
(Source code)
By default, the starting point is set to the center of the textextent. This can be adjusted with relpos key value. The valuesare normalized to the extent of the text. For example, (0,0) meanslower-left corner and (1,1) means top-right.
(Source code)
Placing Artist at the anchored location of the Axes¶
There are class of artist that can be placed at the anchored locationof the Axes. A common example is the legend. This type of artists canbe created by using the OffsetBox class. A few predefined classes areavailable in mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.anchored_artists.
(Source code)
The loc keyword has same meaning as in the legend command.
A simple application is when the size of the artist (or collection ofartists) is known in pixel size during the time of creation. Forexample, If you want to draw a circle with fixed size of 20 pixel x 20pixel (radius = 10 pixel), you can utilizeAnchoredDrawingArea. The instance is created with a size of thedrawing area (in pixel). And user can add arbitrary artist to thedrawing area. Note that the extents of the artists that are added tothe drawing area has nothing to do with the placement of the drawingarea itself. The initial size only matters.
The artists that are added to the drawing area should not havetransform set (they will be overridden) and the dimension of thoseartists are interpreted as a pixel coordinate, i.e., the radius of thecircles in above example are 10 pixel and 5 pixel, respectively.
(Source code)
Sometimes, you want to your artists scale with data coordinate (orother coordinate than canvas pixel). You can useAnchoredAuxTransformBox class. This is similar toAnchoredDrawingArea except that the extent of the artist isdetermined during the drawing time respecting the specified transform.
The ellipse in the above example will have width and heightcorresponds to 0.1 and 0.4 in data coordinate and will beautomatically scaled when the view limits of the axes change.
(Source code)
As in the legend, the bbox_to_anchor argument can be set. Using theHPacker and VPacker, you can have an arrangement(?) of artist as in thelegend (as a matter of fact, this is how the legend is created).
(Source code)
Note that unlike the legend, the bbox_transform is setto IdentityTransform by default.
Using Complex Coordinate with Annotation¶
The Annotation in matplotlib support several types of coordinate asdescribed in Annotating text. For an advanced user who wantsmore control, it supports a few other options.
- Transform instance. For example,is identical toWith this, you can annotate a point in other axes.
- Artist instance. The xy value (orxytext) is interpreted as a fractional coordinate of the bbox(return value of get_window_extent) of the artist.(Source code)Note that it is your responsibility that the extent of thecoordinate artist (an1 in above example) is determined before an2gets drawn. In most cases, it means that an2 needs to be drawnlater than an1.
- A callable object that returns an instance of eitherBboxBase orTransform. If a transform isreturned, it is same as 1 and if bbox is returned, it is sameas 2. The callable object should take a single argument ofrenderer instance. For example, following two commands giveidentical results
- A tuple of two coordinate specification. The first item is forx-coordinate and the second is for y-coordinate. For example,0.5 is in data coordinate, and 1 is in normalized axes coordinate.You may use an artist or transform as with a tuple. For example,(Source code)
- Sometimes, you want your annotation with some “offset points”, butnot from the annotated point but from otherpoint. OffsetFrom is a helper class for suchcase.(Source code)You may take a look at this example pylab_examples example code: annotation_demo3.py.
Using ConnectorPatch¶
The ConnectorPatch is like an annotation without a text. While theannotate function is recommended in most of situation, theConnectorPatch is useful when you want to connect points in differentaxes.
Annotate 2 1 4 0
The above code connects point xy in data coordinate of ax1 topoint xy int data coordinate of ax2. Here is a simple example.
(Source code)
While the ConnectorPatch instance can be added to any axes, but youmay want it to be added to the axes in the latter (?) of the axesdrawing order to prevent overlap (?) by other axes.
Advanced Topics¶
Zoom effect between Axes¶
mpl_toolkits.axes_grid.inset_locator defines some patch classes usefulfor interconnect two axes. Understanding the code requires someknowledge of how mpl’s transform works. But, utilizing it will bestraight forward.
(Source code)
Define Custom BoxStyle¶
You can use a custom box style. The value for the boxstyle can be acallable object in following forms.:
Here is a complete example.
(Source code)
Annotate 2 1 4 Commentary
However, it is recommended that you derive from thematplotlib.patches.BoxStyle._Base as demonstrated below.
Annotate 2 1 4 X 4
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Annotate 2 1 4 X 2
Similarly, you can define custom ConnectionStyle and custom ArrowStyle.See the source code of lib/matplotlib/patches.py and checkhow each style class is defined.